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Academic Journal
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency With Distal Biceps Injury: A Retrospective Analysis of 336,320 Patients.
Khatri S, Albright JA, Byrne RA, Quinn M, Zhu AS, Arcand PH, Daniels AH, Owens BD
Sports health [Sports Health] 2025 Jul; Vol. 17 (4), pp. 775-782. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 27.
2025
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Title | Association of Vitamin D Deficiency With Distal Biceps Injury: A Retrospective Analysis of 336,320 Patients. |
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Authors | Khatri S, Albright JA, Byrne RA, Quinn M, Zhu AS, Arcand PH, Daniels AH, Owens BD |
Source |
Sports health [Sports Health] 2025 Jul; Vol. 17 (4), pp. 775-782. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 27.
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Abstract |
Competing Interests: The following authors declared potential conflicts of interest: B.D.O. reports board membership with Scientific advisory board Vivorte, Inc, and has received consulting fees from Mitek, Conmed, Miach, Vericel, Depuy/Medical Device Business Systems, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Linvatec; grants from Department of Defense, NIAMS, CDMRP; royalties from Conmed and Linvatec; stock options from Vivorte; research support from Mitek, Arthrex, and MTF; and associate editor of The American Journal of Sports Medicine . A.H.D. has received consulting fees from Orthofix, Stryker, Spineart, EOS, and Medtronic; research support from Orthofix, and publishing royalties from Springer.
Background: This study explores the association between vitamin D deficiency and distal biceps tendon injuries, illustrating that, although vitamin D deficiency is associated with prolonged hospital stays and various musculoskeletal problems, its connection to distal biceps tendon injuries is unknown. Hypothesis: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an elevated risk of distal biceps injury but not with increased rates of subsequent surgery or revision surgery. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A 1:1 matched retrospective comparative study of 336,320 vitamin-D-deficient patients was performed using PearlDiver data (between January 1, 2011 and October 31, 2018). Cohorts, with a mean age of 55.7 ± 13.2 years, underwent multivariate logistic regression to calculate distal biceps tendon injury and surgical repair incidence according to age and sex, while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. Results: The 1-year incidence of distal biceps tendinopathy in vitamin-D-deficient patients was 118 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI) compared with 44.3 per 100,000 person-years in matched controls. Male patients with vitamin D deficiency were at a greater risk for distal biceps tendinopathy after 1 and 2 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.81, 2.08-3.83; aOR = 2.80, 2.21-3.56). Female patients were also at a greater risk after both years (aOR = 1.69, 1.27-2.27; aOR = 1.57, 1.26-1.96). Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with an elevated risk of surgical repair or revision surgery. Conclusion: In a nationwide cohort, a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency elevated the risk of distal biceps tendinopathy but did not raise the rate of surgical repair or revision. As a result, prevention strategies in the form of vitamin supplementation should be increased for athletes. Clinical Relevance: These findings emphasize the clinical relevance of monitoring vitamin D levels in patients at risk for musculoskeletal injuries, and providing adequate care to those involved in high-demand physical activities. Strength of Recommendation: B. |
Language |
English
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Journal Info |
Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101518422 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-0921 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19410921 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sports Health Subsets: MEDLINE
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MeSH Terms |
Vitamin D Deficiency*/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency*/epidemiology , Tendon Injuries*/epidemiology , Tendon Injuries*/surgery , Tendon Injuries*/etiology , Tendinopathy*/epidemiology , Tendinopathy*/surgery , Tendinopathy*/etiology, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data
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Update Code |
20250624
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