INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND MINERAL FOOD PROCESSING ON THE DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND NPK IN COLD YARNS

2017

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 295-304 (2017)

The use of scientifically based doses of fertilizers in the cultivation of crops does not lead to the removal of nutrients from the natural reserves of the organic and mineral soil by microflora. At the same time, the methods and terms for the introduction of mineral fertilizers must be linked with the technology of soil preparation and moisture supply. Nitrogen fertilizers, because of their rapid volati-lization, are recommended to be applied for pre-sowing cultivation with sealing in the surface layer, and phosphorous fertilizers, as inactive - along with the main soil treatment. In this connection, in studies of the significant influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation with and without application of nitrogen, its dynamics along layers are not revealed. Deep soil-free tillage allows significantly more accumulation and longer storage of moisture in the soil layers; In comparison with the classical plowing and dumping plowing and planing in a meter layer of soil, the additional moisture reserves before sowing the crop are respectively 300 and 230 m3 / ha, in the tubing phase - barley - 256 and 189 m3/ha, in the phase of milk ripeness - 270 And 128 m3/ha. Deficiency of moisture reduces the biological activity of the soil, in this regard, moisture-saving methods of basic soil cultivation are especially important in conditions of rain-fed farming, not only on the yield of agricultural crops, but also on the processes of humus formation. The total accumulation of amino acids in the half-meter layer in the variant with deep soil-free tillage before sowing barley was 424 μg amine / G of cloth, in the phase of tubing - ear - 400 μg amine / G canvas, in the phase of milk ripeness - 210 μg amine / G of canvas. The values obtained are higher in comparison with the control data and the variant with planar tillage at 7 and 18%, 48 and 32%, 10 and 36% respectively. Positive dynamics in terms of productive moisture and accumulation of amino acids in the variant with deep soil-free soil treatment, application of calculated phosphorus doses for main processing and nitrogen for pre-sowing cultivation, had an effect on a significant increase in grain relative to control at 0.4 t/ha, Processing - at 0.35 t/ha.

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Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 2017.

биологическая активность почвы, способы обработки почвы, яровой ячмень, урожайность, влажность, макроэлементы, Agriculture