[Objective] To investigate the preventive effect of denosumab on recurrent fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. [Methods] A total of 72 patients diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty in the orthopedic department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects.Patients were randomly divided into two groups, each had 36 cases.The control group received conventional anti-osteoporosis treatment, and the observation group added denosumab on the basis of control group treatment.Both groups were followed for 1 year, while the fracture rate and the levels of bone mineral density(BMD), visual analogue scale(VAS) score, oswestry disability index(ODI), beck value, sagittal cobb angle and procollagen type ⅠN-terminal propeptid(PINP) and β-carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(β-CTX) were compared between the two groups. [Results] There was no significant preoperative on BMD, VAS score, ODI index,beck values, sagittal cobb angle, PINP and β-CTX levels between the two groups before the surgery(P>0.05); After postoperative follow-up of 6 months, BMD in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P