In the article the author analyzes the judicial reform in Russia at the present stage and summarizes background improving the legal framework of the judicial system on the basis of the experience gained over a period of two decades of practice of justice. The text presents scientific calculations of the content of the basic ontological characteristics of the Russian judicial system. The author of the article attempts to suggest which scenario will continue to reform the judicial system in Russia. A special place in the study, the author devotes on the constitutional foundations of the new judicial system, entailing significant changes in the theory of constitutional law. The article deals with the concept of "procedural law". The author evaluates the role and place of public prosecution in the state organs, preventing the possibility to interpret the action as lawmakers attempt to create a forensic prosecutorial branch.