Abstract Background Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with other
Abstract Background Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with other medications may exacerbate clinical outcomes. Limited evidence exists on the prevalence and clinical impact of these interactions. Objective To estimate the prevalence of potential DDIs (pDDIs) between antimicrobials and other drugs in ICU patients using two electronic DDIs databases, identify the actual DDIs and the most frequently implicated antimicrobials, and determine the risk factors associated with actual DDIs. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients admitted to intensive care units from January to December 2023. Micromedex and Lexi-Interact were used to identify pDDIs and their severities. Furthermore, we used the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) criteria to identify actual DDIs. Results Among 2,154 patients, 2,163 pDDIs (108 unique pairs) were identified in 461 patients, and 2.87% (62 pDDIs in 46 patients) were classified as actual DDIs. The antimicrobials most likely to cause pDDIs included quinolones, triazole antifungals, and linezolid. Antimicrobial-drug pairs with a higher incidence of severe pDDIs included linezolid-dopamine/metoclopramide (hypertension), voriconazole-budesonide for inhalation (increased serum concentration of budesonide), and levofloxacin-amiodarone (QT prolongation). The antimicrobial-drug pairs with a higher occurrence of actual DDIs included linezolid-dopamine/dobutamine (hypertension), fluconazole-amiodarone/ritonavir (QT prolongation), and cefoperazone/vancomycin-furosemide (nephrotoxicity). Moderate agreement existed between the two databases for pDDIs detection (Cohen’s kappa = 0.546), but severity ratings diverged. Multivariable analysis identified the number of drugs per patient (OR = 1.178, p
