Abstract Despite gut microbial dysbiosis has been demonstrated in people living with HIV (PLWH), the association between gut microbial and inflammatory cytokines in PLWH with different immunoreaction to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to explore between gut microbial and inflammatory cytokines in PLWH with different immunoreaction. 68 PLWH and 27 healthy controls(HCs) in Anhui Province were recruited from December 2021 to March 2022, including 35 immunological responders (IRs) (CD4+T-cell count ≥ 350 cells/µL) and 33 immunological non-responders (INRs) (CD4+T-cell count