In this paper, a detailed mathematical model for the interharmonic current in a distributed grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed and the factors affecting its output characteristics are analyzed comprehensively. First of all, a transfer function approach is used to build a mathematical model for the interharmonic current in grid-connected PV systems. Then, the equation of the PV generator output characteristics is linearized. Furthermore, a real-time calculation method of the amplitude of interharmonic current is introduced based on the established mathematical model. Moreover, a series of comparative tests are conducted, and how various factors such as the MPPT parameters, the main circuit parameters and the environmental factors affect the interharmonic current are investigated. Finally, a series of simulation and experimental tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model for the interharmonic current and the real-time calculation method. The results show that the proposed model is useful for improving the performance of grid-connected PV systems in terms of the behavior of the interharmonic current. Moreover, the mathematical model and the analysis of the influencing factors provide valuable insights for improving system efficiency and reliability in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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