Protective order (PO) violation in gender-based violence cases is a police and criminal act of recidivism that has been widely researched in Spain. The main objective was to identify indicators of police risk assessment used by Spanish Police-Valoración Policial del Riesgo (VPR4.0)- that are related to PO violation, differentiating between violent and non-violent. For this purpose, a retrospective research comparing PO violation vs. non-PO violation groups monitored from thirteen to fifteen months was conducted. The sample (N = 4,745) shows that PO was violated in 23.9% of cases, half of them being violent violations. It is concluded that VPR4.0 can be used to predict possible future PO violation cases. In addition, indicators referring to an aggressor's characteristics showed a greater predictive capacity for PO violation and its types. Implications for judicial and police practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El quebrantamiento de la orden de protección (OP) en casos de violencia de género supone un acto de reincidencia penal y policial que apenas ha sido estudiado en España. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue identificar aquellos indicadores del formulario de Valoración Policial del Riesgo (VPR4.0) asociados al quebrantamiento, diferenciando entre violentos y no violentos. Para ello se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles con un seguimiento de trece a quince meses. En la muestra estudiada (N = 4,745) se vulneró la OP en el 23.9% de los casos, de los cuales cerca de la mitad la quebrantaron de forma violenta. Los resultados permiten concluir que los indicadores del VPR4.0 pueden ser empleados para la predicción de futuros casos de quebrantamiento. Además, los indicadores referentes a las características del agresor mostraron una mayor capacidad predictiva para el quebrantamiento y sus tipos. Se discuten las implicaciones para la práctica judicial y policial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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