Cybersecurity, Green technologies, Climate change, Smart grids, IoT, Artificial intelligence (AI), Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765

Abstract The adoption of green technologies such as smart grids and IoT devices enhances environmental sustainability by minimizing emissions and promoting efficient energy use. However, their reliance on digital infrastructure introduces significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities, posing risks to critical systems. This study focuses specifically on the intersection of cybersecurity with smart grid and IoT security, analyzing recent studies to identify key challenges such as cyber threats to smart grids and IoT vulnerabilities. It proposes a novel framework, the Cyber-Resilient Green Technology (CRGT) Framework, which integrates multi-layered defenses, blockchain security audits, and policy recommendations to safeguard green technologies. Through systematic analysis, the study quantifies the impact of cyberattacks on energy systems and outlines specific measures to enhance resilience.