Integrated energy systems, Optimal dispatching, Off-design performance, Multiple market carbon trading mechanism, Waste incineration power units, Improved slime mould algorithm, Technology

High penetration of renewable energy, waste reuse and the emergence of various carbon trading markets have significant impact on optimal dispatching of integrated energy systems (IES) and pose great challenges. Therefore, an optimal dispatching model of electricity-gas-heating-cooling IES with renewable energy and waste incineration power units (WIP) based on a novel multiple market carbon trading mechanism (MMCTM) is proposed. MMCTM combining the tradable green certificate mechanism (TGCM) and the China certified emission reduction mechanism (CCERM) on the basis of the traditional carbon trading mechanism (CTM) is presented. Besides, to approach actual scenarios, off-design performances of combined heating and power units (CHP) and gas-fired boilers (GB) are considered. Furthermore, to analyze effects of off-design performances and MMCTM on the electricity-gas-heating-cooling IES, five case studies have been conducted on a typical electricity-gas-heating-cooling IES and the improved slime mould algorithm (ISMA) were adopted. Obtained results demonstrate that off-design performances of CHP and GB bring a 1.51 % cost reduction, a 4.33 % carbon emission decline and a 53.63 % renewable energy curtailment decrease, respectively. Besides, MMCTM is superior to the other three carbon trading mechanisms in terms of up to 3.39 % operation cost decline, 4.57 % carbon emission reduction and 57.89 % renewable energy accommodation increase. Moreover, 622.34 kg waste is converted into electricity per day due to the use of WIP and the consideration of off-design performances.