Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy presents a promising approach for treating certain types of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have conducted a thorough review of the history and development of CAR-T cell therapy and outlined its high efficacy in the field of acute leukemia. It is believed that the combination of CAR-T cell therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has led to improved outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia, based on the available data. Furthermore, we have brought to light the challenges that are associated with CAR-T cell therapy.