chimeric antigen receptor-t, immunotherapy, bioengineering, cytokine release syndrome, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5

Various cytotoxic approaches for cancer therapy have been developed over the years. However, due to their limited efficacy, there is a continual search for therapeutic approaches with better outcomes, such as immunotherapy that develops and augments the patient's immune system. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy involves genetic modification of patient's own T-cells to express CAR exclusive for a tumor antigen. It involves bioengineering, ex vivo cell expansion, and re-infusion back to the patient. The application of CAR-T therapy is seen as a potential mainstay treatment for hematologic cancers, while it is still being explored for solid-organ malignancies. In this review, the rationale for the development of genetically modified T-cells, its generations, the process of preparing CAR T cells, challenges and potential strategies, limitations, and various clinical applications are described. Information for review was obtained from available material in Google and PubMed.