Abstract Background Posture management is very important in the nursing care of premature infants. This study aimed to investigate the status quo and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice in posture management of premature infants among neonatal nurses. Methods This study included the nurses worked in the department of neonates of our hospital as the survey population from May 1 to 25, 2023. The general information questionnaire and the neonatal nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors influencing the knowledge, attitude and behavior of posture managements. Results One hundred fifty-two neonatal nurses were surveyed in this study. The average knowledge, attitude and behavior score on the posture management were (57.21 ± 6.33), (30.86 ± 5.61) and (52.25 ± 7.18) respectively. There were positive correlations in the nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior scores on the posture management (all P