The self-developed coal-based hydrogen metallurgical technology and coal-based hydrogen metallurgical rotary kiln industrial test device were used to carry out the industrial test on stainless steel dust with coal-based hydrogen metallurgy in the rotary kiln for harmless and recycling purpose. The metallization ratio of nickel, iron, and chromium are 100%, 91.24% and 86.18%, respectively, at the conditions of hydrogen metallurgical reduction temperature of 1 250 ℃ and the time in the kiln of about 3 h, and all the produced materials of which the indexes are lower than the standard limit of extraction toxicity identification. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out for coal-based hydrogen metallurgy process on stainless steel dust. It forms a harmless and recycling process package for stainless steel dust, including coal-based hydrogen metallurgical rotary kiln which is the core technology, dry cooling, dry magnetic separation, gravity jig separation and other main processes.