Zi-Lu Cheng,1,2 Ting-ting Ma,1,2 Zhong-shan Gao,3,4 Wen-hua Ming,1,2 Mei-rong Yang,5 Xue-yan Wang1,2 1Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Allergy Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Allergy Department, The Second People’s Hospital Ordos, Ordos, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ting-ting Ma; Xue-yan Wang, Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010 63926108, Email Feixue_20048@163.com; wangxueyan2018@163.comAbstract: Originally native to North America, ragweed has become a pervasive invasive species worldwide over the past century, posing a substantial public health risk as a potent allergen. This review explores the key allergens found in common ragweed, assesses global trends in ragweed sensitization, particularly in China, and examines various therapeutic and biological control methods. There are currently 11 identified ragweed allergens, with Amb a 1 and 11 recognized as the primary triggers. Epidemiological data indicate higher rates of sensitization in North America and Europe, with a growing trend observed in China. Ragweed-induced type I hypersensitivity typically presents as seasonal allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma symptoms. Strategies for managing ragweed allergy include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Biological control using Ophraella communa and Epiblema strenuana effectively limits ragweed proliferation. Accurate allergen identification and personalized treatment can significantly reduce the health burden associated with ragweed. An in-depth understanding of ragweed sensitization patterns and biological control measures is essential for the long-term prevention of ragweed allergies.Keywords: ragweed, molecular allergen, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, biological weed control