Based on the energy consumption and economic data of a heavy chemical industrial park in northwest China from 2013 to 2020, the carbon emissions of the park were calculated. The generalized Divisia index method (GDIM) was employed to analyze the effects of eight absolute and ten relative indicators of carbon emission changes in the heavy chemical industrial park. The results show that optimizing the electricity structure, reducing the energy output and carbon output intensities, and improving investment efficiency have a significant effect on inhibiting carbon emission. The inhibitory effect from reducing investment carbon intensity, fossil energy, and the total energy consumption scale was clearly evident. The deterioration of fossil fuel energy structure, and the increase in investment, output, and total electricity consumption scales are the main factors affecting carbon emission growth. Carbon emissions from industrial processes have a limited impact on carbon emissions. Finally, pertinent suggestions are provided.