Highlights The introduction of MoS2 generates a “kill three birds with one stone” effect to the original binary MXene/ANF system: lubrication toughening mechanical performance; reduction in secondary reflection pollution of electromagnetic wave; and improvement in the performance of photothermal conversion. After the introduction of MoS2 into MXene/ANF (60:40), the strain and toughness were increased by 53.5% (from 18.3% to 28.1%) and 61.7% (from 8.9 to 14.5 MJ m−3), respectively. Fortunately, the SER decreases by 22.4%, and the photothermal conversion performance was increased by 22.2% from ~ 45 to ~ 55 °C.