Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) malformation represents an important health problem in Mexico that does not cause morbidity but causes important sequelae ranging from the affectation in the child’s image to functional, social, psychological, and learning problems, involving parents and the surrounding environment. Design: The present research had a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional design and was developed under a quantitative methodology. Participants: Ninety-three children, 53 (57%) male and 40 (43%) female, with a mean age of 9.6 years. Outcome Measures: The Piers–Harris self-concept scale and report card of the concluded school year were used. Results: It was found that the results of the global self-concept, as well as two of its dimensions (adjustment behavior, intellectual state), resulted to have a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01). That is, high self-concept is associated with high academic achievement, better adjustment behavior is associated with higher academic achievement and higher intellectual status is associated with high academic achievement, while other two dimensions (popularity and happiness and satisfaction) showed a low positive relationship. Conclusions: The results found in this research are relevant for the knowledge and explanation of the different psychosocial factors that are present in the socioemotional and academic development of the child with CLP and his family, being a population in Mexico little studied in terms of emotional, psychological and educational sequelae.