Abstract Viral hepatitis, particularly chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), remains a significant global public health challenge, with potential long-term consequences including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Japan has long recognized the threat posed by viral hepatitis and has established a robust framework to address its burden. This includes a comprehensive set of national countermeasures focused on prevention, early detection, and treatment. A central pillar of Japan’s strategy is the identification of high-risk populations through national screening and regular surveillance — measures that have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of and preventing the progression of hepatitis-related liver disease. Japan's comprehensive hepatitis countermeasures serve as a key example of how effective screening and targeted interventions can significantly reduce the public health impact of viral hepatitis.