Abstract This study aim to understand the characteristics of people newly diagnosed with HIV and intervention measures in Chongqing from 2010 to 2023 and determine more effective intervention measures for different key populations. The Spearman analysis method and multiple linear regression models were used to determine more effective intervention measures for different populations. The results showed that expanding tests had a good effect for both people attending STI clinics and MSM on detecting people newly diagnosed with HIV. Distributing condoms could effectively reduce the risk of HIV infection for FSW and peer education could effectively reduce the risk of HIV infection for MSM. Providing service packages for people attending STI clinics could help to reduce the risk of HIV infection. The study finds that more effective general intervention measures should be adopted for different key populations to facilitate more effective detection of individuals with HIV and reduce the risk of HIV infection, thereby effectively controlling the spread of HIV.