4d bioprinting, bio-ink, reconstructive, regenerative, 3d bioprinting (3d bioprinting), tissue engineering, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441, Analytical chemistry, QD71-142

The field of reconstructive and regenerative therapy has shown an increased amount of interest in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques in recent years. This technique applies 3D printing methods to tissue engineering, utilizing additive manufacturing techniques and bio-inks containing biomaterials and living cells. 3D bioprinting has the potential to create the lost tissue precisely. It provides control over the bio-ink component and printing structure, enabling the creation of spatially diverse constructs for the treatment, regeneration, and restoration of various maxillofacial abnormalities, and appears to be a promising alternative. As a result, this review aims to discuss the advancements in 3D bioprinting, including its multiple applications in regenerative and reconstructive dentistry, as well as future perspectives, such as the evolution of 4D bioprinting.