Objective. In the study included 45 patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury in the acute period of this disease. Two groups were identified: the first group – 20 surviving patients, the second group – 25 deceased patients. The study to shown the role of catecholamines in the development of immunosuppression in the acute period of the severe traumatic brain injury. Methods. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th day after severe traumatic brain injury we determined the subpopulations of lymphocytes by the presence of surface cellular antigens. We used the method of indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies on cytofluorimeter «Citomix FC500» for determining CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+-lymphocytes. We determined the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in urine by the kit «CatCombi» (ELISA) on the 1st and 3rd day of the post-traumatic period. Conclusions. The raise of the levels epinephrine and norepinephrine in severe traumatic brain injury adduce to the failure of the cellular immunity with decrease the subpopulations of lymphocytes: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ lymphocytes.