Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, Kidd blood group system, anti-Jka, Irregular antibodies, Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Pediatrics, RJ1-570

Abstract Background Only isolated occurrences of neonatal Jka hemolytic disease have been identified, and no cases of Jka hemolytic disease combining fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) have been reported. The majority of medical professionals lack sufficient knowledge regarding Jka hemolytic disease, which could result in missed diagnoses and early misdiagnoses. Case presentation In this study, a case of a male newborn with extreme anemia and thrombocytopenia is reported. The newborn and his mother were identified as blood groups O RhD + and Jk(a + b+), and O RhD + and Jk(a-b+). Anti-Jka was identified in the plasma of both the mother and newborn. Thrombocytopenia and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were observed in the newborn, and both mother and newborn tested positive for platelet antibodies. The extreme anemia and thrombocytopenia were successfully treated with red cell transfusions and immunoglobulin. Conclusion Co-existence of neonatal Jka hemolytic disease and FNAIT is very rare in newborns with significant clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.