stroke, frailty, risk assessment, prediction model, research progress, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, 脑卒中, 衰弱, 风险评估, 预测模型, 研究进展, 高血压, 糖尿病, Nursing, RT1-120

With the acceleration of the global aging, stroke has become one of the main causes of disability and death among the elderly population. Frailty, as a common multisystem dysfunction in the elderly, significantly increases the mortality rate and functional dependence of stroke patients. Therefore, constructing an effective risk prediction model to identify the frailty state is particularly important for the prognosis assessment of elderly stroke patients. This study reviews the influencing factors of frailty in elderly stroke patients in recent years from aspects such as sociodemography, physical health-related factors, disease-related factors, and psychosocial factors. It also summarizes the research progress of risk prediction models for stroke patients from different construction methods and other perspectives. The results show that multiple factors lead to the occurrence of frailty in elderly stroke patients. Most of the currently constructed models lack effective external validation. It is suggested that multi-center studies can be carried out in the future and the external validation of the models can be strengthened to identify and intervene in the occurrence of frailty in elderly stroke patients as early as possible. (随着全球老龄化进程的加速, 脑卒中已成为老年人群中主要的致残和致死原因之一。衰弱作为老年人常见的多系统功能障碍综合征, 显著增加了脑卒中患者的死亡率和功能依赖性。因此, 构建有效的风险预测模型以识别衰弱状态, 对老年脑卒中患者的预后评估具有重要意义。本研究从社会人口学因素、躯体健康相关因素、疾病相关因素、心理社会因素等多个维度, 综述了近年来老年脑卒中患者衰弱发生的影响因素, 并从不同构建方式等角度归纳了脑卒中患者风险预测模型的研究进展, 旨在为临床医护人员提供系统的理论依据和实践指导, 以便更精准地识别高危患者, 制定个性化干预方案, 优化临床管理流程。)