多不饱和脂肪酸；高脂血症；作用机制, polyunsaturated fatty acids, hyperlipidemia, mechanism, Oils, fats, and waxes, TP670-699

近年来，高脂血症患病率在全球范围内增长，多不饱和脂肪酸降脂作用的研究引起国内外学者高度关注并取得重要进展。为对深入研究多不饱和脂肪酸对血脂调节的相关机制及进一步开发多不饱和脂肪酸来源的药物或功能性食品提供参考,综述了近年来国内外对多不饱和脂肪酸降脂作用机制的研究进展，主要集中于激活脂质代谢相关转录因子及信号通路、调节炎症因子、改善氧化应激反应、提高脂联素水平、减少瘦素含量及表观遗传修饰等方面，并指出近年来多不饱和脂肪酸降脂研究中存在的共性问题。多不饱和脂肪酸作为一种独特的生物活性物质，已在降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等多种方面展示出显著的药理活性，具有很大的发展潜力。 In recent years, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia has increased worldwide, the research on the lipid-lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids has attracted great attention and made important progress. In order to provide reference for further research on the mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acids regulating blood lipids and further development of drugs or functional foods derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, the recent progress on the lipid-lowering mechanism of polyunsaturated fatty acids at home and abroad were reviewed, mainly focusing on activation of lipid metabolis-related transcription factors and pathways, regulation of inflammatory factors, reduction of oxidative stress, improvement of adiponectin level, reduction of leptin content and epigenetic modification. Some common problems in lipid-lowering studies of polyunsaturated fatty acids in recent years were pointed out. As a unique bioactive substance, polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown significant pharmacological activities in lowering blood lipid, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation,and have great potential for development.