Bacillus coagulans, as a probiotic, has attracted much attention in recent years for its unique probiotic characteristics. In view of this, the current research status and future development trend at home and abroad are reviewed, based on the in-depth analysis of the probiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans. This paper reveals the application mechanism of Bacillus coagulans in the food field from three aspects: Digestive tract microecology, digestion and absorption of nutrients and immune system. Meanwhile, this paper foresees the future research hotspots in this field, aiming to support the wide application of Bacillus coagulans in food industry and help the sustainable development of probiotic industry.