BackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most prevalent peripheral vestibular dysfunctions encountered in clinica
BackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most prevalent peripheral vestibular dysfunctions encountered in clinical practice, including dizziness and vertigo, which has a significant impact on people’s everyday lives and affects their quality of life in many ways. Researches indicate that individuals with recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may exhibit vitamin D insufficiency, and certain studies suggest that correcting severe vitamin D deficiency might effectively reduce BPPV recurrence; nevertheless, the findings have been inconsistent. As a result, we conducted the current Meta-analysis to investigate potential associations of vitamin D levels with the occurrence and recurrence of BPPV. In the meantime, the current study was done to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence.MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library) were identified to search for relevant studies about (vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation) and (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo incidence or recurrence) from inception to Dec 22, 2024. 60 studies with a total of 16,368 participants were included into this meta-analysis.Results(1) The aggregated weighted mean difference (WMD) demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in vitamin D level in the BPPV cohort (WMD = −2.84; 95% CI −4.53 to −1.15) relative to the control cohort. Likewise, Recurrent BPPV groups had significantly lower levels of vitamin D compared to non-recurrent groups (WMD = −5.01; 95% CI −6.94 to −3.08). When the cupulolithiasis BPPV groups were compared to the canalolithiasis BPPV groups, the vitamin D level was lower in the cupulolithiasis groups (WMD = 5.09; 95% CI 2.05 to 8.12); (2) In this meta-analysis, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) indicated that increased vitamin D was inversely related to BPPV incidence (RR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.31, 1.41), but not significantly related to the recurrence (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99); (3) Vitamin D supplementation group had a lower recurrence rate than the control group which did not accepted vitamin D supplementation (RR =0.45, 95% CI = 0.36–0.55).ConclusionThe serum level of vitamin D is lower in patients with BPPV, especially recurrent BPPV, than in controls. There was a negative correlation between occurrence rate of BPPV episodes and vitamin D deficiency, which means that vitamin D deficiency may have a role in occurrence of BPPV. The present study indicates that vitamin D supplementation can significantly lower recurrence in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The level of vitamin D was lower in canalolithiasis than in cupulolithiasis BPPV groups.
