Electric vehicles, Erbium, cost analysis, Electric potential, dynamic charging, charging infrastructure, Vehicle dynamics, Electric Road Systems, Roads, Batteries, Charging stations, Energy consumption

Over the last two decades, electrification has gained importance as a means to decarbonise the transport sector. As the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) increases, it is important to consider broader system aspects as well, especially when deciding the type, coverage, size and location of the charging infrastructure required. This article proposes a new approach using agent-based simulations to assess the impact that different system parameters have on the total energy consumption, the charging infrastructure needs or the overall system cost for all electromobility related technologies. To demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, five potential future scenarios for charging infrastructure deployment are analyzed, assuming that all long-distance transport in Sweden is electrified. For each of the scenarios the total energy consumed and the charging infrastructure needs are assessed. Finally, the cost associated with the electromobility related technology in each scenario is estimated. The results show that the lowest system cost corresponds to a scenario with Electric Road Systems (ERS) widely available to all vehicle types, mostly due to the potential reduction of their battery pack. However, such scenario may incur in a higher overall energy consumption, if the drivers decide to alter their routes to use the ERS, thus avoiding stopping for charging.